Cao J, et al. - In this single-center retrospective study, the medical records of 4238 subjects undergoing the first endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) from January 2012 to December 2016 were analyzed to identify the potential risk factors for post-ERCP cholecystitis (PEC). A history of acute pancreatitis, history of chronic cholecystitis, gallbladder opacification, biliary duct metallic stent placement, and high leucocyte counts before ERCP were the identified risk factors. Findings revealed that increased the occurrence of PEC and were positive predictors of PEC. It was noted that the constructed nomogram was utilized to assess the risk of PEC, guiding the implementation of prophylactic measures to prevent PEC in clinical practice.