Nandi D, et al. – In this assessment, the physicians evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and costs associated with heart failure (HF) in complex congenital heart diseases (CHD). They reported that patients with HF received significantly more subspecialty care, more surgeries, more hospitalizations, more total days of inpatient care, and more emergency department care compared to those without HF. A significantly higher care cost was associated with the treatment in complex CHD patients with HF. In addition, multifaceted, intensive supports were needed in these patients for management of incident complications and comorbid conditions.