Bae SS, et al. - The risk factors of postendoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) bleeding in average-risk patients were investigated via retrospectively reviewing the medical records of 3,620 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and 1,121 patients who underwent biliary ES between April 2006 and March 2013. One hundred eight of 1,121 patients (9.6%) suffered post-ES bleeding; most of these were minor bleeding (94 patients, 87%). Observations revealed the independent value of the length of ES as a risk factor for post-ES bleeding. Endoscopic hemostasis was identified as safe and effective.