Feijen EAM, et al. – In this study, researchers evaluated childhood cancer survivors (CCS) for the risk of heart failure (HF), temporal changes by treatment periods, and the risk factors for HF. Cardiac follow-up was complete for 5,845 CCS (94.8%) among 6,165 5-year CCS included in the Dutch Childhood Oncology Group–Long-Term Effects After Childhood Cancer (DCOG-LATER) cohort (diagnosis: 1963-2002). Among all CCS, the cumulative incidence of developing HF 40 years after childhood cancer diagnosis was 4.4% (3.4% to 5.5%). A high risk for severe, life-threatening or fatal HF at a young age was noted in relation to CCS treated with mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, anthracyclines, or radiotherapy involving the heart. Despite a decrease in the mortality, increase in the incidence of severe or life-threatening HF was noted with more recent treatment periods.