Arabi YM, Shalhoub S, Mandourah Y, et al. - This study was undertaken to investigate the impact of ribavirin and recombinant interferon (RBV/rIFN) therapy on the outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), accounting for time-varying confounders. A retrospective cohort study was designed to include critically ill patients with laboratory-confirmed MERS from 14 hospitals in Saudi Arabia diagnosed between September 2012 and January 2018. Researchers assessed the correlation of RBV/rIFN with 90-day mortality and MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) RNA clearance using marginal structural modeling to account for baseline and time-varying confounders. This study included a total of 349 MERS patient. This observational study demonstrated that RBV/rIFN (RBV and/or rIFN-α2a, rIFN-α2b, or rIFN-β1a) therapy was commonly applied in critically ill MERS patients but was not correlated with reduction in 90-day mortality or in faster MERS-CoV RNA clearance.