Greenberg JM, Poindexter BB, Shaw PA, et al. - Since the medications used to treat respiratory conditions of extreme prematurity is usually based upon studies of adults or children over 2 years of age and little is known about the spectrum of medications used or dosing ranges, researchers carried out a prospective analysis of respiratory medication exposure in 832 extremely low gestational age neonates to inform the design of future studies. The prematurity and respiratory outcomes program (PROP) recruited neonates less than 29-week gestation from six centers including 13 clinical sites. They obtained recorded daily “respiratory” medications given along with dosing information by 40-week postmenstrual age or neonatal intensive care unit discharge if earlier. According to findings, extremely preterm neonates in PROP have been exposed to high doses of drugs at levels known to generate significant adverse effects. There is an urgent need for controlled trials in this vulnerable patient population with limited evidence of effectiveness.