Li CX, et al. - By analyzing relevant randomized, controlled trials (n=43), researchers assessed the risk of specific cardiovascular outcomes such as arrhythmia, heart failure and stroke in relation to treatment with inhaled long-acting bronchodilators (ILABs) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To assess ILAB/placebo, they pooled RRs and corresponding 95% CIs. In patients with stable COPD, no link was found between the use of ILABs and overall cardiovascular adverse events. The risk of overall cardiovascular adverse event and of cardiac ischemia might be attenuated by treatment with olodaterol and formoterol, respectively, as revealed upon stratification based on specific agents of long-acting β2–agonist (LABA). With LABA, hypertension incidence might decrease, but an increase in the risk of heart failure may occur; thus, exercising caution is recommended for its use in COPD patients with a history of heart failure.