El Amrousy D, et al. - This is the first study investigating the connection between oxidative stress and bone turnover in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The sample consisted of 40 children with T1DM as the patient group and 40 healthy children as the control group. Plasma alkaline phosphatase, procollagen type-1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) have been measured to evaluate bone turnover. Compared with the control group, patients with T1DM had a significantly lower P1NP level but a significantly higher urinary DPD level. In addition, in patients with T1DM, there were significantly lower glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels with significantly higher malondialdehyde levels. Findings suggested an association of oxidative stress with bone turnover markers in children with T1DM.