Hare KM, et al. - It was hypothesized that vaccination with 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) protein-D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) would reduce NTHi lower airway infection in children, compared to children not PHiD-CV-vaccinated. Vaccination with PHiD-CV vs non-vaccination with PHiD-CV notably decreased the chances to have NTHi lower airway infection, suggesting likely efficacy of PHiD-CV for reducing NTHi endobronchial infection in children at risk of chronic suppurative lung diseases.