Kong IG, Kim DK, Eun KM, et al. - Among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and osteitis, researchers examined the expression and evaluated the roles of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). Participants in the study were CRS patients with nasal polyps (CRSwNP, n = 63), CRS patients without nasal polyps (CRSsNP, n = 8), and control individuals (n = 12). In all CRS patients than in the control group, the Global Osteitis Scoring Scale (GOSS) values were significantly higher. In non-eosinophilic CRSwNP, the GOSS value was higher than in eosinophilic CRSwNP. Findings suggested an association of RANKL expression with clinical osteitis and disease severity in CRSwNP. Such results shed light on RANKL's significance as a potential CRS biomarker and a key player in the pathogenesis of CRS.