Ssempijja V, et al. – In this study, authors aimed at determining the rate of switching to second–line antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the impact of delayed switching on immunologic, virologic, and mortality outcomes in the Rakai Health Sciences Program (RHSP) Clinical Cohort Study which started providing ART in 2004 and implemented 6 monthly routine virologic monitoring beginning in 2005. Based on the findings, they suggested prioritizing intervention strategies that aid clinicians to promptly switch patients to second–line ART as soon as virologic failure on 1st line ART is confirmed.