Deprest JA, Benachi A, Gratacos E, et al. - Infants with severe pulmonary hypoplasia due to isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia on the left side show increased postnatal survival in correlation with undergoing fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO), Researchers herein aimed at determining its effects in infants with moderate disease. They conducted an open-label trial randomly assigning, in a 1:1 ratio, women carrying singleton fetuses with a moderate isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia on the left side to FETO at 30 to 32 weeks of gestation or expectant care. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed involving 196 women; survival to discharge was recorded for 62 of 98 infants in the FETO group (63%) and 49 of 98 infants in the expectant care group (50%). Overall findings of this trial did not suggest a significant benefit of FETO performed at 30 to 32 weeks of gestation over expectant care with respect to survival to discharge or the need for oxygen supplementation at 6 months. The risks of preterm, prelabor rupture of membranes and preterm birth were higher in correlation with undergoing FETO.