Kessels J, et al. - As the 2010 WHO position on rabies vaccines recommended post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) schedules requiring up to 5 clinic visits over the course of approximately one month, researchers systematically reviewed new evidence since that considered for the 2010 position paper to investigate the immunogenicity and effectiveness of PEP schedules of reduced dose and duration. Further, they assessed new evidence on effective PEP protocols for special populations and the effect of changing routes of administration [intradermal (ID) or intramuscular (IM)] during a single course of PEP. A total of 14 relevant studies were identified, which supported a reduction in dose or duration of rabies PEP schedules. They identified the 1-week, 2-site ID PEP schedule as most advantageous, as it was safe, immunogenic, supported by clinical outcome data and involved the least direct costs (ie cost of vaccine) compared to other schedules. These findings support the possibility of changes in the rabies vaccine product and/or the route of administration during PEP.