Cortes JE, et al. - In this randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial (QuANTUM-R), researchers compared the benefits of single-agent quizartinib (an oral, highly potent and selective type II FLT3 inhibitor) to those of salvage chemotherapy on overall survival in patients with relapsed or refractory FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD)-positive acute myeloid leukaemia. This investigation was performed at 152 hospitals and cancer centres in 19 countries. With a manageable safety profile, quizartinib treatment provided a survival benefit, compared to salvage chemotherapy, in patients with rapidly proliferative disease and very poor prognosis. Quizartinib could be considered a new standard of care. Use of a highly potent and selective FLT3 inhibitor to target the FLT3-ITD driver mutation is a strategy of value as there are only a few available treatment options for such patients.