Xiong J, Wang Y, Xu W, et al. - Researchers investigated whether and how proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are related to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), by performing this hospital‐based case‐control study in China. This analysis involved 1,468 CCA cases (826 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and 642 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC)). A total of 135 (9.2%) CCA cases and 173 (5.9%) controls used PPIs. A significant 61% increased odds of CCA, particularly in the ECC, was observed in correlation with PPI use. However, causation could not be established due to the retrospective design and observational nature.