Lal C, et al. - In this pilot study, researchers investigated proteomic biomarkers of cognitive impairment (CI) in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) via an exploratory plasma proteomic analysis among participants from a cohort of women within 5 years of menopause not on hormone replacement therapy between the ages of 45-60 years. For 254 serum proteins, proteomic analysis was carried out by Myriad RBM using a targeted ELISA. They also used STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins) software to perform pathway analysis of differentially expressed proteins. In OSAS subjects with CI, overexpression of proteins, including insulin, prostasin, angiopoietin-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and interleukin-1 beta was found. The prominence of insulin-regulated vascular disease biomarkers was shown in pathway analysis.