Kao SST, Bassiouni A, Ramezanpour M, et al. - Researchers investigated disparities in the nasal mucus proteome of healthy patients and patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). They collected nasal mucus from healthy patients, patients with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) prior to surgery. In mucus samples from healthy patients, from patients with CRSsNP, and from patients with CRSwNP, the proteins identified were 1,142, 761, and 998, respectively. Experts concluded that clinical manifestations of CRS may result from significant downregulation of mucosal immunity and antioxidant pathways with increased tissue modeling processes. Further insight into CRS pathogenesis and its endotypes is afforded by the differing proteome and biologic processes.