Shah AA, et al. - Through a study that involved 168 scleroderma individuals with anti–RNA polymerase III large subunit (anti-RPC155) antibodies, experts ascertained whether additional autoantigens were targeted in anti-RPC155–positive scleroderma individuals without detectable cancer. RPA194 generated by in vitro transcription/translation was practiced for immunoprecipitations carried out on the whole cohort to test whether anti-RPA194 was enhanced among anti-RPC155–positive individuals without cancer. In the group without cancer, anti-RPA194 antibodies were significantly more frequent in comparison with the group with cancer. Significantly less inclination of individuals with both anti-RPA194 and anti-RPC155 to have severe gastrointestinal disease as that of individuals with anti-RPC155 only was observed. In conclusion, in anti-RPC155–positive scleroderma individuals without cancer, anti-RPA194 antibodies were enhanced. These data increased the likelihood that the development of immune responses to both RPC155 and RPA194 may affect clinical cancer emergence since somatic mutations in the gene encoding RPC155 in cancer in scleroderma individuals seemed to play a part in immune response initiation against RPC155 in those individuals.