Deebel NA, et al. - The present study was to observe the available evidence regarding the incidence, etiopathogenesis, and management of CaP in this specific subset of patients. As per the data, while rare, CaP in transgender women has been documented. The data showed that both the mechanism and the impact of receiving a bilateral orchiectomy on disease establishment is unclear. Further research is required to analyze these factors, and to further shape the treatment and screening regimen for these patients.

Methods

• Researchers conducted an electronic non-systematic literature search to distinguish pertinent studies.
• They queried PubMed search engine by applying the following search terms: “prostate cancer”, “male to female transsexual”, “transgender patient”, “androgen+prostate cancer”, “estrogen therapy+prostate cancer”, “health care barrier”.
• Furthermore, a clinical case managed at the Institution was reviewed and critically discussed.

Results

• Including this case, there have been only 10 documented cases of CaP in transgender women.
• Moreover, an emerging body of literature has questioned the role of androgens in the establishment of CaP and advocated that estrogen therapy may not be as protective.
• Thus, the recent data demonstrates that the transgender woman should be screened for CaP the same as a non-transgender male.
• In addition, barriers to care in the transgender female population include: accessing resources, medical knowledge deficits, ethics of transition-related medical care, diagnosing vs. pathologizing trans patients, financial restrictions of the patient, and health system determinants.