Marker S, Barbateskovic M, Perner A, et al. - Among acutely ill hospitalized patients, the impacts of stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) with proton pump inhibitors or histamine-2 receptor antagonists vs placebo or no prophylaxis were determined. For this purpose, researchers performed systematic review as per the PRISMA statement, the Cochrane Handbook, and GRADE, applying conventional meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. All-cause death, clinically significant gastrointestinal bleeding and serious adverse events (SAEs) were assessed as primary outcomes. Findings did not reveal a difference in all-cause death or pneumonia with SUP. SUP led to a decline in the incidence of clinically significant gastrointestinal bleeding, whereas any influences on SAEs, myocardial ischemia, Clostridium difficile enteritis and health-related quality of life were inconclusive.