Okutsu M, Kamei K, Sato M, et al. - Researchers sought to determine whether prophylactic rituximab treatment is efficacious for maintaining remission following B cell recovery in patients with complicated steroid-dependent or frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome with a history of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). These patients had consumed a single dose of rituximab (375 mg/m²) and continued immunosuppressive agents. In this retrospective study, participants were split into two categories: a prophylaxis group, which was given additional rituximab treatment at B cell recovery and a non-prophylaxis group. In multivariate analysis, the only significant negative factor for early relapse was additional rituximab treatment, with a hazard ratio of 0.40. Findings indicate that prolonged remission even after B cell recovery can be maintained by additional rituximab treatment at B cell recovery in patients experiencing complicated nephrotic syndrome with history of SRNS.