Spector ME, Bellile E, Amlani L, et al. - In a large training and validation cohort of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), experts aspired to explore whether specific classes of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in pretreatment biopsy specimens have prognostic value for outcomes. Participants in the study were 464 patients [mean (SD) age was 61.1 (11.8) years]. An association was found between higher levels of TILs and improved survival in multivariable models. Low CD4 levels were exhibited greater connection with reduced survival in the chemoradiation cohort compared with the surgery cohort. For HNSCC patients, scoring of TILs could be included into clinicopathologic prognostic models. TIL subsets and combined TIL scores can be predictive and prognostic factors that are clinically useful.