Liu C, Jing W, An N, et al. - A total of 232 patients with registered advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, chiefly consists of adenocarcinomas [ADs] and squamous cell carcinomas [SCCs]), (101 treatment-naïve eligible individuals) were involved in order to examine the prognostic values of peripheral CD8+CD28+ T cells and CD8+CD28− T cells in advanced NSCLC patients who were treated with chemo(radio)therapy and the influence of histological type on them. Multivariate analyses exhibited that in ADs, favorable OS and progression-free survival (PFS) were independently predicted via raised levels of CD8+CD28+ T cells, however, the prognostication in SCCs was not statistically important. On the contrary, in SCCs, unfavorable OS and PFS were independently prognosticated by high levels of CD8+CD28− T cells, although in ADs, the prognostication was not statistically important. ADs, compared with SCCs, had greater levels of CD4+CD25^hi T cells and CD8+CD28− T cells and lower natural killer cells. In conclusion, the prognostic values of peripheral CD8+CD28+ T cells and CD8+CD28− T cells in individuals with advanced NSCLC who were treated with chemo(radio)therapy were revealed in these findings, which, in turn, could aid to recognize cases with poor outcomes and improve treatment approaches.