Delayre T, Guilbaud T, Resseguier N, et al. - Considering the possible involvement of tumor microenvironment, a desmoplastic stroma consisting of cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), in treatment resistance among patients with pancreatic cancer, researchers here examined if TILs and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have a prognostic value in pancreatic cancer of the body and tail. They examined the immunohistochemistry of TILs (cluster of differentiation (CD) 45, CD3, CD4, FoxP3 and CD8), CAFs (vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)) and functional markers (PD-L1 and Ki-67) using tissue microarray from resected left-sided pancreatic cancer specimens and investigated the association with disease-free and overall survival using a computer-assisted quantitative analysis. An inclusion of 43 cases was done in the study. Outcomes revealed a correlation of a tumor microenvironment characterized by a high CD4/CD3 lymphocyte ratio along with a low αSMA/vimentin ratio with poorer survival in cases with resected left-sided pancreatic cancer.