Thone K, et al. - Given breast-conserving therapy (BCT) followed by radiation (RT) compared to mastectomy alone (MT) has been shown to provide better overall survival (OS) or breast cancer-specific survival (BCS) in recent cohort studies, researchers analyzed OS, BCS, as well as recurrence risk of patients undergoing BCT + RT, MT + RT, or MT in this first observational study adjusting for a comprehensive set of prognostic factors, adjuvant therapies, mode of detection, and comorbidities. Among study participants ie, women aged 50–74 years with early-stage invasive breast cancer (I–IIIa) diagnosed between 2001 and 2005 at the German population-based case–control study (MARIE study), no difference was found in clinical outcomes more than 10 years after diagnosis between the primary treatment options BCT + RT, MT + RT vs MT alone after full adjustment.