Watanabe T, Minezawa T, Hasegawa M, et al. - Researchers compared 31 myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related nephritis (MPO-ANCA nephritis) patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern of lung fibrosis vs 32 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), in terms of prognosis, in this retrospective review. Both groups demonstrated no significant difference in the median survival time. Non-respiratory-related events were responsible for approximately half of the deaths that happened in patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis with a UIP pattern, whereas, respiratory failure such as acute exacerbation was responsible for causing most deaths in patients with IPF. Both groups demonstrated an equivalent rate of decline in lung volume, as revealed in the three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) lung volume analyses. A possible unfavorable prognosis equivalent to that of IPF with a UIP pattern treated with antifibrotic agents was suggested for MPO-ANCA nephritis with a UIP pattern on CT.