Mantel A, Ajne G, Wollmann CL, et al. - The risk of uterine rupture was investigated among women attempting trial of labor after 1 previous preterm cesarean delivery vs women with 1 previous term cesarean delivery. Using the Swedish Medical Birth Register between 1983 and 2016, researchers conducted a population-based cohort study identifying 9,300 women with 1 previous preterm index cesarean delivery, 57,168 women with 1 previous term index cesarean delivery, and a second outcome delivery defined as trial of labor after 1 previous cesarean delivery. Uterine rupture in the outcome delivery occurred in 102 women (1.1%) with a preterm index cesarean delivery compared with 759 of women (1.4%) with term index cesarean delivery. Placental abruption was diagnosed in 89 women (1.0%) with preterm index cesarean delivery compared with 331 women (0.6%) with term index cesarean delivery, which corresponded to a nearly 60% raised risk. Findings overall suggest no correlation of preterm cesarean delivery with an increased risk of uterine rupture. Hence, they recommend providing medical management and counseling to women with 1 previous preterm cesarean delivery (with lower uterine segment incision) similar to that of women with previous term cesarean delivery before trial of labor after cesarean delivery.