Shalimar, et al. - The prevalence, predictors and impact of bacterial infection in acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) were evaluated in this investigation. From January 2011 to March 2017, consecutive hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and acute decompensation (AD) were involved. Five hundred seventy-two patients with cirrhosis and AD were classified into three groups- no infection, infection at admission/within 48 hours and infection after 48 hours. Advanced hepatic encephalopathy and elevated total leucocyte count were independently associated with the development of infection on multivariate logistic regression analysis. The findings from the present study suggested that infections were common in ACLF, and correlated with poor outcome.