Xiao X, et al. - In this retrospective analysis, researchers used the 2003–2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample to assess the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in hospital encounters with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on home oxygen admitted for COPD exacerbation. Using multivariate-adjusted models, all patients aged ≥ 18 years with a primary diagnosis of COPD on home oxygen who were hospitalized for COPD exacerbation were assessed. Overall, 1,345,270 patients were included. Among these, AF was detected in 244,488 (18.2%). Findings revealed increased AF prevalence from 2003 to 2014 in hospital encounters with end-stage COPD. Also, variations were observed in the AF prevalence by age, sex, race, income, insurance type, and hospital region. Increased odds of AF were observed in relation to advancing age, female sex, white race, high income, and large hospital size. The risk of in-hospital death, acute respiratory failure, invasive mechanical ventilation, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, acute kidney injury, sepsis, and stroke was predicted by the presence of AF. Increased cost and length of stay were also observed in association with AF.