Lin KM, et al. - Authors gauged high-positive rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) levels in nonarthritic patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. They determined anti-citrullinated protein antibody and total RF in serum from nonarthritic patients with chronic HCV infection (all had HCV RNA viremia). In contrast to RF, they did not note an increase in ACPA in HCV infection. In nonarthritic patients with chronic HCV infection, high-positive RF is not unusually present. Findings suggested the probability of improvement of ACPA for the diagnosis of RA in this patient population. Fatty liver may be a risk factor for high-positive RF, in patients with HCV infection.