van Zwieten A, et al. - In this cross-sectional study involving 676 adult hemodialysis patients from 20 centers in Italy, researchers assessed the commonness and patterns of cognitive impairment across five domains of learning and memory, complex attention, executive function, language, and perceptual-motor function. They used a neuropsychological battery of 10 tests to evaluate cognitive function and calculated test and domain z-scores using population norms (age or age/education). A z-score ≤ -1.5 was used to define cognitive impairment. Hemodialysis patients very commonly developed cognitive impairment, across numerous domains. Simultaneously experiencing multiple deficits was also identified a frequent pattern. Tailoring clinical care to meet the needs of patients with different types of cognitive impairment was recommended.