Shiroyama T, et al. - In view of the reported association of the baseline advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) with patient outcomes, researchers examined the prognostic value of pretreatment ALI in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with nivolumab. The medical records of a total of 201 patients (67% men) treated with nivolumab for advanced NSCLC between December 2015 and May 2016 at three Japanese institutes were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate analysis yielded an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2, serum albumin <3.7 g/dL, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥4, and ALI <18 as significant to be associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) and early progression. As per multivariate analyses, inferior PFS and a higher likelihood of early progression were evident in independent correlation with pretreatment ALI <18. These findings suggest a possible utility of the pretreatment ALI to identify patients likely to benefit from continued nivolumab treatment in routine clinical practice.