Kolstad KD, Mayo JA, Chung L, et al. - Women with different autoimmune rheumatic diseases in a large population-based cohort were examined for preterm birth (PTB) phenotypes. In this retrospective cohort study performed at California, USA, they analyzed maternally linked hospital and birth certificate records of 2,481,516 deliveries [systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) n = 2,272, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) n = 1,501, systemic sclerosis (SSc) n = 88, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) n = 187, polymyositis/dermatomyositis (DM/PM) n = 38). The analysis suggests that women with systemic autoimmune diseases are at higher risk of various PTB phenotypes; SLE (RR 3.27), RA (RR 2.04), SSc (RR 3.74), JIA (RR 2.23), and DM/PM (RR 5.26). Therefore, researchers identified preconception counseling and close monitoring during pregnancy is crucial for these women.