Piccin O, D'Alessio P, Cioccoloni E, et al. - Researchers aimed to inscribe their experience concerning the performance of various imaging techniques for the preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid gland/s, with a focus on the sensitivity and specificity of each technique. In addition, they evaluated the cost utility of each technique in order to ascertain the most clinical and cost-effective combination of localization studies. They retrospective investigated the records of 336 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy comparing imaging and intraoperative/histopathologic findings to determine the accuracy in parathyroid detection of each imaging technique. Overall findings suggest color Doppler US to be a highly sensitive technique in experienced hands especially in patients with no thyroid diseases. The combination of US and 4D-CT is suggested to be a reliable localization technique in patients with concomitant thyroid pathology.