Abuga JA, et al. - In this cohort study based on a two-stage epidemiological survey in the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Kilifi, Kenya) of children aged 6–9 years, experts predicted the risk of premature mortality in children with neurological impairments and recognized risk factors and reasons of death. A total of 306 children with neurological impairment, 9,912 survey controls, and 22,873 age-matched people from the general population were recruited and were followed up the cohorts between June 1, 2001, and Aug 31, 2018. In children diagnosed with neurological impairments, in comparison with the general population, the risk of premature mortality was higher and it was progressed by developmental delay and severe malnutrition. Thus, child development and nutritional status should be evaluated in all children in low-income and middle-income countries and altered interventions began to enhance outcomes.