Shonibare DO, Patel R, Islam AH, et al. - Given the association of bipolar disorder (BD) with increased pro-inflammatory blood markers and pro-inflammatory gene expression in post-mortem brain, researchers sought to investigate how pro-inflammatory single nucleotide polymorphism interleukin-1β (IL-1β) rs16944 affects brain structure in adolescents with BD and healthy control (HC) adolescents. Thirty-eight adolescents with BD and 32 HC adolescents (14–20 years) provided T1-weighted 3-T magnetic resonance imaging data. The analysis revealed an IL-1β rs16944 polymorphism-by-diagnosis interaction effect on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC); T-carriers with BD vs non-carriers with BD showed greater surface area. Whereas, HC T-carriers vs HC non-carriers showed smaller DLPFC volume. In vertex-wise analyses, they noted similar interactions in a pars triangularis surface area cluster and a lateral occipital cortex volume cluster. Outcomes here support the correlation of IL-1β rs16944 polymorphism with neurostructural phenotypes in cognitive and visual regions that subserve functions, including facial recognition and response inhibition, which are known to be aberrant in BD.