Cardoso R, Generoso G, Staniak HL, et al. - In the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), the risk factors for coronary artery calcium (CAC) incidence and progression were explored. Participants were people with no prior cardiovascular disease and two CAC measurements in ELSA-Brasil. Overall 2,707 participants (57% women, age 48.6 ± 7.7 years) who were self-identified as white (55%), brown (24%), black (16%), Asian (4%) and Indigenous (1%) were analyzed. Older age, male gender, white race, hypertension, diabetes, higher BMI, smoking, lower HDL-C, higher LDL-C and triglycerides, and metabolic syndrome, all were identified as risk factors for CAC incidence. Overall, findings demonstrated the link of CAC incidence with multiple traditional risk factors, whereas hypertension, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and metabolic syndrome were identified as the only risk factors related to progression of CAC.