de Araújo Sousa ML, et al. - By performing this prospective cohort analysis among patients under mechanical ventilation (MV), researchers determined whether patient-ventilator asynchrony could be predicted by respiratory mechanics and other baseline features. They also assessed the link between asynchrony during assisted ventilation and clinical results. Illness severity and respiratory mechanics were included as baseline measurements. Overall, 11,881 h of MV from 103 patients were examined. During the whole duration of MV, the median Asynchrony Index (AI) was 5.1% (IQR:2.6–8.7). During assisted vs controlled ventilation, a higher median AI was reported, and a high incidence of asynchrony was identified in 22% of patients. The severity of illness and intrinsic PEEP were identified as the predictors of a high incidence of asynchrony. The connection of high incidence of asynchrony with extubation failure, but not mortality, was also revealed.