Ochi T, Bianchini G, Ando M, et al. - Researchers examined the predictive and prognostic value of pre- and post-neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), as well as their pharmacodynamics modulation and their change among 209 consecutive patients [n = 80 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), n = 129 HER2+ breast cancer (BC)] who received NAT between 2001 and 2009. In TN and HER2+ BCs, a low likelihood of achieving pathological complete response was observed among low pre-NAT TILs tumors. In TNBC with residual disease, shorter relapse-free survival was observed in correlation with both low pre- and post-NAT TILs. Results thereby emphasize to consider TILs information when additional therapies may be given in the postneoadjuvant setting.