Arthur RS, et al. - In this study among a total of 182,935 women, with a median follow-up of 7.1 years, researchers assessed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) risk in correlations with serum levels of estradiol (premenopausal women only), testosterone and/or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), by applying Cox proportional hazards regression models. There were 186 DCIS cases in premenopausal women and 531 in postmenopausal women after the follow-up. Findings revealed increased risk of DCIS in relation to elevated levels of estradiol among premenopausal women. Among postmenopausal women, increased DCIS risk was observed in relation to elevated levels of testosterone, and especially those of free testosterone, while elevated levels of SHBG were found to be related to decreased risk.