Bailey A, Eisen I, Palmer A, et al. - This study was sought to ascertain the prevalence of preoperative anemia in arthroplasty and to evaluate if pre-operative anemia is associated with inferior outcomes, and to determine if optimization in a dedicated blood management program (BMP) is associated with improved outcomes. Between 2012-2017, researchers examined all primary arthroplasties conducted at an academic, tertiary-care, arthroplasty centre. They recorded hemoglobin levels obtained in the pre-operative assessment clinic. They further assessed the impact of pre-operative anemia and the effect of treatment at the BMP on outcomes through multivariable regression analysis controlling for relevant covariates. In this arthroplasty cohort, the prevalence of anemia was 15%. The findings revealed that pre-operative, timely, optimization of anemia should be strongly considered as it is likely to reduce ‘anemia-associated burden’ following arthroplasty.