Chang SH, Gumbel J, Luo S, et al. - Researchers examined if progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to multiple myeloma (MM) could be predicted via assessing the rate of rise in serum monoclonal protein concentration during the year after MGUS diagnosis (M-protein velocity). Using data from the U.S. Veterans Health Administration system, they identified a retrospective cohort of MGUS patients who progressed to MM and matched this cohort on age at MGUS diagnosis and race in a 1:4 ratio to the MGUS patients using incidence density sampling; 128 cases and 490 matched controls were included in this work. They identified a higher percentage of patients with M-protein velocity > 0.1 g/dL/year in the case group than the control group (44.5% vs 28.2%). A positive correlation of M-protein velocity of > 0.1 g/dL during the year following MGUS diagnosis with progression of MGUS to MM was observed. This emphasizes considering more frequent monitoring for early detection and timely treatment of MM among patients with a positive M-protein velocity during the year after MGUS diagnosis.