Tehrani AR, et al. - Among women with relapsing–remitting Multiple Sclerosis (MS, n=26) and 24 healthy women, researchers performed comparisons for CTRP3, CTRP9, adiponectin and apelin levels as well as focused on their link with clinical parameters and the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Compared with healthy controls, MS patients exhibited significantly lower plasma apelin level. MS patients vs healthy controls had significantly higher TNF-α and adiponectin levels. Findings revealed a negative correlation between plasma levels of apelin with expanded disability status scale scores and number of relapse; this correlation was statistically significant. A possible contribution of adipokines, specifically apelin and adiponectin, to MS pathogenesis is suggested, and these can be considered as a biomarker or as a therapeutic target.