Weinstein G, et al. – In this study involving 377 dementia-free individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) participating in the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline study, researchers evaluated the association of personality traits and cognitive performance in individuals with T2D, and investigated possible mediators. High neuroticism levels were related to poorer performance overall and with poorer episodic memory, attention/working memory, and semantic categorization, following adjustment for multiple covariates. High scores on openness to experience were correlated with better global cognition and semantic categorization. Depressive symptoms controlled the relationship of neuroticism with executive function, and the relation of openness with executive function and overall cognition. Among elderly individuals with T2D, personality may play a crucial role in cognitive health.