Ponce D, et al. - The incidence, risk factors, microbiology, treatment, and outcome of peritonitis in pediatric Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients was determined in this large nationwide prospective study. As per findings, PD continued to be commonly complicated with peritonitis in this population and technique failure was negatively influenced by negative cultures and Pseudomonas.

Methods

• This study included patients younger than 18 years recruited in the BRAZPD II study from 2004 to 2011, who presented their first peritonitis episode.

Results

• Researchers found 125 first episodes of peritonitis in 491 children PD patients (0.43 episodes/patient-year).
• Data showed that patients free of peritonitis episode constituted 75.6% in 1 year.
• Very high culture-negative episodes (59.2%) were reported, gram-positive (GP) bacteria being the most commonly found organisms (58.8%).
• Findings demonstrated that the initial choice to cover GP (40.5%) was first-generation cephalosporin and aminoglycosides was the most prescribed antibiotics used for gram-negative agents (27.5%).
• Treatment failure was 26.4%.
• In 12.1%, technique failure (TF) was reported and peritonitis was the main cause (65.1%).
• Predictors of TF were: Pseudomonas (p=0.04) and negative cultures (p < 0.001).