Wang WJ, Garcia MDS, Deutsch G, et al. - Whether women with recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL) can be distinguished from normal fertile women based on programmed death‐1 (PD‐1)/programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) expression on the T‐cell subsets such as T helper (Th) 1, Th17, and Treg cells, was investigated in this prospective cohort analysis with 45 women with two or more RPL of unknown etiology and 20 fertile women with at least one or more live‐born infants. Via flow cytometric analysis, researchers measured PD‐1 and PD‐L1 expression on T‐cell subsets. Significantly downregulated PD‐1 and PD‐L1 expressions on Th17 cells as well as PD‐1 expression on Th1 cells were evident among women with RPL, which may result in increased Th1 and Th17 immunity, as well as imbalance between Th17, Th1, and Treg cells in these women.