Khan S, et al. – Here, researchers assess the rate of concurrent malignancies for intraductal papilloma diagnosed on core needle biopsy and aim to evaluate the long–term risk of developing cancer after the diagnosis of a papillary lesion. After a core needle biopsy demonstrating intraductal papilloma (IDP) with atypia or IDP + atypical duct hyperplasia or atypical lobular hyperplasia (ADH/ALH), surgical excision yielded a diagnosis of concomitant invasive or ductal in situ cancer in greater that 30% of cases. For intraductal papilloma without atypia, the likelihood of cancer was much lower. In addition, even with excision, the finding of intraductal papilloma with atypia carries an important risk of developing cancer long–term, and such patients ought to be followed carefully and perhaps ought to be considered for chemoprevention.