Tsimafeyeu I, Moiseenko F, Orlov S, et al. - Researchers conducted a prospective-retrospective cohort study to collect real-world data on the use of crizotinib or chemotherapy in patients with ALK-positive metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Russia and determine the overall survival (OS) results in these patients. From 23 cancer centers, they included 149 ALK-positive patients. Treatment to patients was provided with either crizotinib (250 mg twice daily; n = 96) or the investigator’s choice of platinum-based chemotherapy (n = 53). Death was reported for 79 of the 149 patients included in the analysis at a median follow-up time of 15 months. In crizotinib clinical trials in ALK-positive NSCLC, they observed improved OS also in the less selective patient populations treated in daily practice in Russia. They identified a common use of standard chemotherapy in these patients but it seems inappropriate as a result of the efficacy of newer treatments, such as crizotinib.