Muller M, et al. - Predicting factors (including manometric subtypes) were investigated for the symptom recurrence, in patients with achalasia who were treated with a single pneumatic dilation (PD) in the long term. In achalasia, pneumatic dilation was found to be an effective therapy in the short term, but its effect decreased in the very long-term. Predictive factors for the need of repeated treatment were the young age at presentation, a high lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, a narrow cardia and an esophageal barium column of > 1cm after PD.