Shah AY, et al. - Among metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma patients (n=70) suffering disease progression with front-line (1L) immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), researchers assessed the responses and survival with second-line (2L) vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGFR-TKI) therapy in this retrospective study. Pazopanib, sunitinib, axitinib and cabozantinib were the 2L TKI therapies used to treat the patients. A complete response, a partial response, and stable disease were seen in one patient (1.5%), 27 patients (39.7%), and 36 patients (52.9%), respectively, who were receiving 2L TKI therapy. The estimated median progression-free survival was 13.2 months. Antitumor activity of 2L TKI monotherapy after 1L ICI was evident in this study, with tolerance comparable to historical data for 1L TKI.